We give different types of injections ourselves according to all the rules

Subcutaneous injection in the forearm

The solution administered subcutaneously disperses quickly through the bloodstream thanks to the blood vessels that abound in the area of ​​subcutaneous fatty tissue. However, the effect of the drug after an injection is much slower than with intravenous injection.

Preparation for subcutaneous injections and manipulations are similar to those for intramuscular injection. The only difference is that where an injection is required, the skin is not stretched, but gathered with the fingers like a triangular fold. In this case, the needle is inserted with an inclination of 45 degrees into the skin fold itself, correctly - its base.

Important: you should know that the deltoid muscle of the arm is not particularly developed, so it would be better to inject a small amount of medication. Due to the branched system of blood vessels and the abundance of nerve endings, the injection is dangerous with serious complications

Anatomical features of cats

In the absence of experience, owners worry that they will not be able to inject their pet painlessly. The groundlessness of these judgments can be confirmed after familiarization with the anatomical features of the mustachioed.

Where exactly is the withers located?

The withers are the area of ​​the body that connects the back and neck. An alternative name is scruff. This is where mother cats grab their kittens to move them to another place or to pacify them during too active games. Temporary paralysis of the baby is associated with pinching of nerve endings. It is completely painless up to a certain age.

Punishing adult animals by dragging them by the scruff of the neck is unsafe. Due to the weight gained, the tension created pinches the neck muscles. With a sharp grip, a careless owner can damage his pet's spine. With age, the skin becomes rougher and loses elasticity. When pulled, it can rupture or crush the throat, blocking the access of oxygen.

Why the withers are ideal for subcutaneous injections

The first reason is low sensitivity. If you figure out how to properly inject a cat at the withers, then the subcutaneous injection will not even be felt.

Another reason is the loose structure of the hypodermis, that is, the lower layer of skin. It absorbs large volumes of liquid well, so it is better to inject it in this place. Thanks to the active blood supply, the administered medications are quickly absorbed and begin to act within half an hour. This speed is inferior to intramuscular administration, but superior to oral administration.

Where else are subcutaneous injections given?

If prescribed by a veterinarian, injection solutions can be injected under the skin of the front of the thigh and the femoral fold, located on the border between the groin area and the thigh. The hypodermis in these places is just as loose and developed, and the skin stretches quite well.

The advantage of the scruff is the least amount of nerve endings. If you are afraid of causing pain to your pet, entrust the subcutaneous injection of drugs into other areas to veterinarians.

Subcutaneous injection of oil solutions.

Target:

medicinal.

Indications:

administration of hormonal drugs, solutions of fat-soluble vitamin preparations.

Equipment:

Sterile: a tray with gauze pads or cotton balls, a syringe with a volume of 1.0 or 2.0 ml, 2 needles, 70% alcohol, drugs, gloves.

Non-sterile: scissors, couch or chair, containers for disinfecting needles, syringes, dressings.

Execution algorithm:

Explain the procedure to the patient and obtain his consent.

Put on a clean gown, mask, sanitize your hands, and put on gloves.

Before use, immerse the ampoule in a container with warm water and heat it to 38°C.

Fill the syringe with the medicine and release the air from the syringe.

Treat the injection site twice with tufikomi with 70% alcohol.

Inject with a needle, pull the plunger towards you - make sure that no blood enters the syringe - preventing drug embolism (oil embolism).

Slowly introduce the solution (temperature of the oil solution is 38°C).

Apply pressure to the injection site with a cotton ball containing 70% alcohol.

Remove the needle by holding it by the cannula.

Place the disposable syringe and needle in a container with 3% chloramine for 60 minutes.

Remove gloves, place a container with a disinfectant solution.

Wash hands, dry.

A subcutaneous injection is an injection given directly into the fat layer under the skin (as opposed to an intravenous injection, which is given directly into a vein). Because subcutaneous injections distribute medications more evenly and slowly than intravenous injections, subcutaneous injections are commonly used to administer vaccines and medications (for example, type 1 diabetics often administer insulin this way). A prescription for medications that must be administered subcutaneously usually includes detailed instructions on how to properly administer the subcutaneous injection. The instructions in this article are provided as an example only; consult a healthcare professional before administering the injection yourself at home. Read below for detailed instructions.

How to Store Prefilled Syringes

How you store prefilled syringes depends on the type of medicine in them. Most medications are stored at room temperature, but some should be kept in the refrigerator. Your healthcare provider will tell you how to store your syringes. Do not store prefilled syringes in the freezer or leave them in the sun.

Check one of the boxes below so you don't forget how to store your syringes.

• Store prefilled syringes at room temperature.
• Store prefilled syringes in the refrigerator.

If you have questions about storing or carrying prefilled syringes while traveling, contact your healthcare provider.

What to do if the medicine is frozen

If the medicine inside the syringe is frozen, place it near the front of the refrigerator or on a shelf in the refrigerator door to thaw. Do not use the medicine if it has been frozen more than once. Call your healthcare provider for further instructions.

to come back to the beginning

How to give an intramuscular injection yourself

The most important thing in the process of self-injection is the absence of fear, no matter how difficult it may be. When frightened, many people's hands shake, which can lead to bruises. The worst thing you need to overcome when performing an injection is the fear of piercing your own skin. But it’s not as painful as it seems, and you’ll only have to endure it for a moment.

The syringe must be taken in the right hand, and the injection is accordingly performed in the left buttock, and vice versa. Visually, it is necessary to divide the buttock into 4 equal squares, drawing 2 intersecting straight lines. The injection should be made in the upper right square. And it is into it that with a decisive movement it is necessary to insert ¾ of the length of the needle. Even if the needle goes in completely, there is nothing to worry about.

While holding the syringe, it is necessary to intercept it so that it is convenient to press on the plunger and inject the medicine. Press the plunger of the syringe with the thumb of your right hand

The medicine must be administered slowly, this is important so that it is better absorbed. Also, this condition is a prevention of the formation of hematomas and seals after injections

After the medicine has been administered, you need to take an alcohol wipe and press down on the injection site with your left hand, and carefully but quickly pull out the syringe at a right angle with your right hand.

Identification procedure

Before administering the medicine, you will need to select a site.
To do this, you need to imagine a cross on the buttock, dividing it into 4 parts.

The injection should be performed in the upper outer quadrant; there is a low risk of injury to the sciatic nerve.

After determining the site, you need to follow simple rules for placing an injection:

• Wash your hands with soap;
• Take a comfortable position, standing or lying down;
• Bend your leg to relax the muscle;
• Wipe the injection area with an alcohol-soaked cotton pad;
• Remove the cap from the syringe;
• Insert the needle perpendicularly into the injection area 2/3 of its length;
• Inject the drug by gently pressing on the piston;
• Quickly remove the needle;
• Press a cotton swab treated with an alcohol solution onto the area.

To avoid lumps, bruises and ensure better absorption of the medicine, you can gently massage and knead the injection site with your fingers.

Injections in the arm consequences

Most often, hormonal injections are given in the upper arm; you can also get some vaccinations, for example, against tetanus, diphtheria, and influenza. A lump usually appears at the injection site, accompanied by redness. If vaccination is carried out in compliance with all the rules, then the phenomenon is temporary.

Why does my hand hurt after infusion of a medicinal substance?

1. The appearance of an infiltrate at the vaccination site, accompanied by pain and thickening, is associated with:

• with inaccuracy in determining the injection location;
• with repeated needle penetration into the sites of previous infusions;
• with the wrong choice of needle - short or not sharp.

Applying an iodine mesh to the vaccination site and a light massage or resorting to physiotherapy methods will help cope with the problem.

If, as a result of an injection into a vein, your arm hurts and there is a large bruise on it, this indicates that a vein was punctured and the medicine got past the vein. To get rid of the problem, it would be correct to make an alcohol compress or use decongestant, absorbable ointments.

The consequences of violations of antiseptic rules can cause the development of sepsis, serum hepatitis, even AIDS. When your shoulder hurts after an injection due to a poor disinfection process, this can result in the appearance of an infectious formation - an abscess. Then urgent hospitalization will be required, followed by surgery and antibiotics. If the vaccination site hurts, then the procedure was performed in violation of the technique. For example, a broken needle will lead to allergic reactions. The result of getting into a vessel during injections with oil-based drugs can be the occurrence of a drug embolism with the appearance of a hematoma, even tissue necrosis. Incorrectly given injections into a vein can result in local inflammation of the veins (phlebitis, thrombophlebitis), which threatens the formation of blood clots with repeated injections into the same area of ​​the vein or when using a non-sharp needle. Such complications are combated using heparin-based ointments, as well as anti-inflammatory therapy methods.

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During intramuscular as well as intravenous infusion, the nerve may be damaged, and then the hand will go numb. In addition, pain at the injection site may be associated with blockage of the vessel supplying the nerve or with the effect of the medicine located near the nerve ending. Physiotherapy will help eliminate the problem. Even when the injection of the medicine is done correctly, there may be an itching sensation at the injection site. This is a natural occurrence because puncturing the skin with a needle leaves a small wound that is itchy as it heals. However, with intravenous infusion, this can be a signal of an incipient allergic reaction, so nothing should be done without the advice of a doctor.

It is important to remember that the appearance of signs of allergy after an injection or vaccination may be a consequence of the body's reaction to the medicine, and not to the injection. Therefore, it is necessary to inform the doctor who prescribed the drug that the injection site hurts because

Neglecting allergy symptoms can lead to angioedema or anaphylactic shock.

How to inject yourself: rules of procedure

Where to give an injection in the buttock correctly - diagram and instructions

Basic Information About IV Injection

How to do intravenous injections correctly

Possible complications

In some cases, the following complications may occur:

• Infiltrates at the injection site. As a rule, they occur when a medicinal composition is introduced into the area of ​​compaction or local swelling resulting from previous injections. The reason may also be the introduction of an insufficiently heated solution or the simultaneous administration of the drug in a volume of more than 5 milliliters. The problem, most often, can be dealt with by applying alcohol or semi-alcohol anti-inflammatory compresses to the sore spot, applying an iodine mesh, and careful gentle rubbing with heparin ointment.
• Abscesses and phlegmons. They can occur when the injection technique is not followed, against the background of improperly treated post-injection infiltrate, or when sterility conditions are violated. In such cases, treatment is carried out only by a doctor. Any self-therapy, in order to avoid worsening the problem, should be excluded!
• Subcutaneous hemorrhages. They occur when blood vessels are damaged by a needle on the way to the point of drug administration (not to be confused with cases of a substance entering a vessel!). They manifest themselves as the release of droplets of blood at the site of the needle impact. It is recommended to lightly press a cotton swab with an antiseptic - alcohol or iodine - to the injection site for 3-5 minutes.
• Chemical damage to nerve tissue. It may occur as a result of the introduction of substances that are aggressive towards nervous tissues near the underlying nerves, when conditions called “medicine depot” are created. As a result, paresis (decreased ability to move the adjacent muscles) and paralysis are likely to occur. Elimination of this complication should be carried out only by a doctor and, as a rule, in a hospital setting. Self-medication is completely excluded, because, in addition to taking tablets orally, it is necessary to carry out targeted local anesthesia (blockade) and physical procedures that require good professional skills.

In general, complications are similar in nature to those that occur with the intramuscular method of delivering drugs to tissues. You can find out more about them in one of the previous articles.

Area of ​​application of injections in the abdomen

Subcutaneous injection is a method of introducing drugs into the layer located between the skin and muscles. This procedure has a limited scope of application. An injection into the navel is performed using the following drugs:

• Anticoagulants. The drugs thin the blood and prevent the formation of blood clots.
• For the treatment of rabies. In this case, a series of injections is given. When administered intramuscularly, they can cause muscle paralysis. If injections are given using an intradermal technique, such side effects are not observed, since the drug is distributed throughout the body gradually.
• Triggers of ovulation. Used to stimulate the process of egg maturation. Carrying out such manipulation is necessary when performing an IVF procedure or for a controlled pregnancy.
• For the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Insulin into the abdomen is the best way to administer this medication.
• Products for burning subcutaneous fat for weight loss.

The subcutaneous injection method is used in cardiology, phlebology, endocrinology, gynecology and other areas of medicine. The procedures are actively used in cosmetology.

Technique for performing subcutaneous injections and its features

Subcutaneous injections are a highly sought after medical procedure. The technique for performing it differs from the technique for administering drugs intramuscularly, although the preparation algorithm is similar.

The injection should be made subcutaneously less deeply: it is enough to insert the needle inside just 15 mm. Subcutaneous tissue has a good blood supply, which determines the high rate of absorption and, accordingly, the action of the drugs. Just 30 minutes after administration of the medicinal solution, the maximum effect of its action is observed.

The most convenient places for administering drugs subcutaneously:

• shoulder (its outer area or middle third);
• anterior outer surface of the thighs;
• lateral part of the abdominal wall;
• subscapular region in the presence of pronounced subcutaneous fat.

The algorithm for performing any medical procedure, as a result of which the integrity of the patient’s tissues is violated, begins with preparation. Before giving the injection, you should disinfect your hands: wash them with antibacterial soap or treat them with an antiseptic.

Preparation of instruments and preparations:

• a sterile tray (a clean ceramic plate that has been disinfected by wiping) and a tray for waste materials;
• a syringe with a volume of 1 or 2 ml with a needle with a length of 2 to 3 cm and a diameter of no more than 0.5 mm;
• sterile wipes (cotton swabs) – 4 pcs.;
• prescribed drug;
• alcohol 70%.

Everything that will be used during the procedure should be on a sterile tray. You should check the expiration date and tightness of the packaging of the medicine and the syringe.

The place where you plan to give the injection must be inspected for the presence of:

1. mechanical damage;
2. swelling;
3. signs of dermatological diseases;
4. manifestation of allergies.

If the selected area has the problems described above, the location of the intervention should be changed.

The algorithm for withdrawing the prescribed drug into a syringe is standard:

Before making subcutaneous injections, it is necessary to disinfect the surgical field (side, shoulder): with one (large) swab soaked in alcohol, a large surface is treated, with a second (middle) one, the place where the injection is directly planned to be placed. Technique for sterilizing the work area: moving the swab centrifugally or from top to bottom. The injection site should be dry from alcohol.

Manipulation algorithm:

When you finish giving the injection, take off your gloves if you were wearing them and disinfect your hands again: wash or wipe with an antiseptic.

If you completely follow the algorithm for performing this manipulation, then the risk of infections, infiltrates and other negative consequences is sharply reduced.

It is prohibited to make intravenous injections with oil solutions: such substances clog blood vessels, disrupting the nutrition of adjacent tissues, causing their necrosis. Oil emboli may well end up in the vessels of the lungs, blocking them, which will lead to severe suffocation, followed by death.

Oily preparations are poorly absorbed, so infiltrates are common at the injection site.

The algorithm for introducing the oil solution involves preheating the drug to 38ºC. Before injecting and administering the medicine, you should insert the needle under the patient's skin, pull the plunger of the syringe towards you and make sure that no blood vessel has been damaged. If blood enters the cylinder, lightly press the needle insertion site with a sterile swab, remove the needle and try again in another place. In this case, safety precautions require replacing the needle, because used is no longer sterile.

Fourth step: drug administration

The subcutaneous injection algorithm for a child or adult involves administering the drug to a depth of one and a half centimeters. To do this, you need to insert the needle about two-thirds of the way in.

Gather the skin with two fingers of your right hand. Take the syringe in the left. The index finger should fit snugly to the base of the needle. Insert the syringe under the skin. In this case, the injection site should be at the base of the fold. Next, you need to quickly move your right hand from the skin to the piston. Inject the medicine without removing the left limb from the base of the needle. When the medicine runs out, apply an alcohol-based cotton ball to the puncture site and disinfect it. Remember not to press or rub the injection site.

Remove the cotton ball soaked in alcohol from the injection site. After this, apply a dry sterile bandage or cotton wool. This is necessary in order to avoid burns. It is especially important to carry out these manipulations on children’s delicate and sensitive skin.

How are subcutaneous injections given?

Sometimes a person becomes a home nurse or nurse out of necessity. For example, you have to perform various types of injections at home. Then, in particular, there may be a need to perform a subcutaneous injection. This article will tell you how to do it correctly.

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How to give subcutaneous injections is taught in all sorts of courses, but you can master this simple technique yourself, for both women and men. With a fairly calm and careful approach, problems should not arise at all.

Injections are given subcutaneously for the reason that, due to the good blood supply to the subcutaneous fat layer, medications are absorbed better and faster here. Accordingly, the effect of drugs introduced into the body is thus more effective than when administered orally. Up to two milliliters of solutions are usually injected subcutaneously.

Subcutaneous injections are made with a needle with the smallest diameter. Obviously visible large vessels should be avoided. The most suitable places for subcutaneous injection are the outer humeral surface and the outer femoral surface. Sometimes subcutaneous injections are performed in the subscapular space or the lower part of the axillary region. In these places it is easiest to grab the skin into a fold, and the risk of damage to large blood vessels is minimal.

Subcutaneous administration of the drug provides a longer effect of the drugs than with intravenous injection. The exception is cases of insufficient peripheral circulation.

Technique for performing subcutaneous injections

First of all, you need to wash your hands well with soap and wear surgical gloves. Next, the following actions are performed:

You should choose the right syringe for injection. Subcutaneous injections are usually performed with a two-milliliter syringe. The ampoule with the drug is also treated with alcohol, after which a cut is made with a special nail file that comes with the medicine and the tip of the ampoule is broken off. If the medicine is in a bottle with a metal cap and a rubber stopper, then the upper part of the cap should be removed, the surface of the rubber stopper should be treated with alcohol and pierced with a needle.

If the drug is in powder, then it should be dissolved through the same needle. The medicine is drawn into the syringe by pulling back the plunger. It is necessary, after the medicine has completely entered the syringe, to remove excess air by slowly and carefully pressing the plunger with your finger. Continue pressing until a trickle of solution appears from the needle.

The syringe is held with the needle up, and to collect air bubbles at the outlet, you need to lightly tap the syringe with your finger. The intended site where subcutaneous injections will be made is treated with alcohol. First, a large area is treated with a cotton swab, and then the injection site is treated directly with another swab, also soaked in alcohol. The skin should be grabbed in a fairly thick fold and pulled upward. Quickly but carefully, the needle is injected into the base of the resulting skin fold and inserted into the fat layer. By slowly pressing on the syringe plunger, the medication is squeezed under the skin. With the same quick and sharp movement, the needle is removed from under the patient’s skin, and the injection site is lightly massaged and again treated with alcohol.

Sometimes subcutaneous injections are given in the abdomen. To give the injection correctly, you should mentally draw a figure eight on the patient’s stomach, with its center at the navel.

Injections are made into one of the rings of this figure eight. All other actions are performed almost the same as in the example described above. It should only be taken into account that the skin in this area is very delicate, and all actions must be carried out as carefully as possible to avoid bruising. The figure eight ring changes with each subsequent subcutaneous injection into the abdomen.

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Injection sites

The following sites can be chosen to treat a patient with a subcutaneous injection:

• upper shoulder;
• thigh at the top;
• area under the shoulder blade;
• abdominal wall in front.

Contraindications for the procedure may be individual intolerance to the components of the drug by the patient.

Shoulder

A subcutaneous shoulder injection is administered into the lateral segment of the deltoid muscle. This must be done carefully, because there is a high probability of damage to blood vessels or nerves located close to the surface. Without practical experience in administering such injections, it is better to choose another place to administer the medicine. The safest in this sense is the hip.

Stomach

An injection into the abdominal area is prescribed to patients in preparation for the IVF procedure to administer hormonal medications. Injections should be given according to the instructions included with the medicine. All subcutaneous injections are made with a disposable syringe, which is usually designed for 2 ml of injected liquid.

To inject into the abdominal area, you need to choose the thinnest and longest needle. She must reach the abdominal wall, delivering the treatment solution directly into the subcutaneous tissue of the peritoneum.

When choosing the injection site, you should mentally picture a figure 8, the center of which is at the navel, and make a puncture in the middle of one of the circles of this imaginary picture.

Subsequently, when placing an injection, you need to retreat from the site of the first puncture by 3-4 cm. Before the procedure, the skin is examined for the presence of wounds, warts or birthmarks and try not to inject into such places.

When inserting the needle, both palms of the hands are placed on the side of the navel on one side and the other. This is where experts recommend administering the drugs subcutaneously. Do not inject directly into the navel or center line of the abdomen. There is the thinnest layer of subcutaneous tissue and there is a high probability of injury.

Hip

To give an injection in the thigh, you need to feel 2 large bony protrusions in the upper part of the thigh. They will be located slightly to the side of the leg. The palms are overlapped so that the base lies directly under the protrusions. In this case, this place shows where injections can be performed and you should not go beyond the area of ​​​​the palms.

If you need to administer mixed insulin, you should choose the thigh or buttocks for the procedure in the evening. This will allow the medicine to be absorbed slowly and therefore reduces the risk of an attack at night.

The main condition for correctly performing the procedure and achieving the desired goal is the choice of a needle of the required length. It is better to discuss this issue with your doctor, because you need to take into account a whole range of factors, which include both physical and pharmacological aspects, as well as the psychological state of the patient.

Subscapularis area of ​​the back

Despite the fact that intramuscular injections can be done at home on your own, it is impossible to place it in the subscapularis area of ​​the back without the help of another person. It is better to agree to visit the medical office and have the procedure done there.

How to inject yourself Preparation

In order to safely inject yourself, you must follow a number of rules. They will consist of the correct preparation of the syringe with the medicine, treatment of the injection site and the position for the injection.

First of all, it is worth remembering that, in principle, any muscle of the body is suitable for an injection, but it is most appropriate to use the gluteal and thigh muscles, which are best suited for these purposes. In the case of an injection into the gluteal muscle, there is less likelihood of any complications. But this option is most acceptable if the injection is performed by someone else.

Before performing the injection, you need to practice in front of a mirror and take the most comfortable position. Sometimes it is easier to give an injection not standing in front of a half-turn mirror, but lying on the floor or sofa. The main condition is that the surface is hard.

If you decide to inject into the thigh, you must choose the injection site correctly. It is best to use the front of the thigh. The injection site should be 1 palm upward from the knee. When injecting, it is necessary to look at the place where the needle is supposed to enter so as not to get into the vessel. When injecting into the thigh, it is best to take a sitting position, and the leg should be relaxed, you cannot lean on it.

After determining the pose, you can begin to prepare everything you need. To carry out the injection, you will need alcohol wipes soaked in 96 percent alcohol, a syringe, the volume of which will depend on the volume of the drug, and of course, the ampoule with the drug itself.

Before drawing the solution into a syringe, you must wash your hands thoroughly under running water. Before opening, the ampoule must be treated with an alcohol wipe; only then can it be opened. After opening the ampoule, you need to charge the syringe and draw the medicine into it

It is important that there are no air bubbles left in the syringe and needle.

Before injecting the drug, it is necessary to release a certain amount of the drug from the syringe needle. The injection site must be wiped with an alcohol wipe, using movements in one direction. Rubbing movements from side to side are not allowed. At this point the preparatory stage is completed, you can proceed directly to the injection.

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By stages

So, an injection into the shoulder is performed in the following steps.

1. Wash your hands and the area where the drug will be administered.
2. Prepare ampoules with the drug (a syringe in combination with an installed needle), remove the packaging from the plastic part; tampon, alcohol.
3. Take a sitting or reclining position.
4. Moisten the swab with alcohol.
5. Wipe the selected area of ​​skin with a gauze swab moistened with alcohol.
6. Wait until the disinfectant dries (a few seconds), then remove the cap from the needle with a confident movement.
7. Simply grab the fold of shoulder skin in the selected location with one hand (index finger and thumb).
8. While the fold of skin is held with one hand, the syringe is taken in the other.
9. It is installed at a right angle (90 degrees) into the skin fold.
10. With a decisive movement, the entire needle is inserted into the skin (it is very short, so there is no danger of damaging the internal organs).
11. Inject the entire contents of the syringe, constantly holding the fold of skin with one hand. Wait a few seconds, holding the syringe and the skin fold.
12. Carefully remove the needle and release the skin fold.
13. Apply a tampon and hold it for a while.
14. Throw away the syringe by placing it in the trash, needle side down, in the needle packaging.
15. Adjust your clothes and rest for a while in a sitting position.

Description of the medicine

The main effect of Heparin injections is to prevent pathological blood clotting by directly affecting the enzyme antithrombin III. Once the product enters the body, platelet synthesis is significantly reduced, which allows maintaining normal blood condition. The anticoagulant is widely used in medical practice both as a prophylactic drug and for the full treatment of many diseases.

Indications for use:

• vascular complications after surgery;
• reduction of blood viscosity in devices intended for artificial blood supply;
• getting rid of blood clots formed during heart surgery;
• treatment of diseases that provoke a decrease in blood microcirculation throughout the body;
• as a prophylactic agent among patients prone to blood clots;
• therapy for myocardial infarction;
• treatment of deep vein thrombosis;
• increased D-dimer levels during pregnancy;
• atrial fibrillation and some other pathologies.

Heparin is used as a stand-alone drug or in combination with medications of other groups, for example, Fibrinolysin, Streptodecase and others.

Side effects

In the instructions and reviews you can learn about the following negative effects:

• Genitourinary system: vaginal dryness, profuse sweat, decreased potency, noticeable decrease in libido, gynecomastia, decreased potency, pain during intercourse, hot flashes.
• Musculoskeletal system: myalgia, back pain, bone dimineralization.
• Nervous system: sleep disturbance, feeling tired, decreased vision, depression, headaches, mood changes.
• Local reactions: allergic reactions that manifest themselves in the form of itching and redness of the skin.
• Digestive system: weight gain, hypercholestnerinemia, increased activity of transaminases in the kidneys, nausea.
• Other effects: swelling of the legs, hair loss, decreased beard and mustache growth, thrombophlebitis.

It should be noted that side effects disappear immediately after stopping taking Decapeptyl.

Use during pregnancy

Many women are diagnosed with pathological changes in blood composition during pregnancy. According to clinical studies, it turned out that despite the fact that the medicine may cause some side effects, the benefits of its use are still higher than the expected risks.

It should be noted that during pregnancy the instructions for use of the drug and the recommendations of the attending physician must be strictly followed. If the usual dose of medication for an adult patient is 5 thousand units. per day, for a pregnant woman the daily norm is determined depending on the patient’s weight and other characteristics of the body.

During therapy, it is advisable to use calcium supplements, since Heparin disrupts the distribution of this substance in the body.

The medicine is not able to penetrate the placenta, so pregnant women should not fear for the health of the fetus.

Injection

The procedure is not complicated. The main thing is to overcome uncertainty and follow some rules for giving injections yourself.

Immediately before the process, you should prepare everything you need.

For the procedure you will need:

• disposable syringe with a volume of 2.5–11 ml, depending on the amount of the drug administered. When choosing a syringe, you should be guided by the injection site. If the substance is administered intramuscularly, you should choose syringes with the longest needles. When injecting subcutaneously, for example into the arm, the needle should be short;
• ampoule with medicine;
• alcohol to disinfect the injection area;
• cotton balls, disks or napkins.

1. After methodically washing your hands, you need to take the ampoule, treat it with an alcohol solution, shake the contents and file the tip with a special nail file. You should file at a distance of approximately 1 cm from the beginning of the ampoule.
2. Then wrap the tip with a cotton pad and carefully break it off.
3. Next, remove the cap from the syringe needle and immerse it to the bottom in the ampoule.
4. Draw up the medicine and, holding the syringe in a vertical position, tap it with your fingertip. This is necessary so that the air remaining in the container collects in its upper part.
5. Next, gradually pressing on the piston, you should push the air bubble out of the syringe through the needle and wait until a drop of the drug appears at its tip.
6. Close the prepared syringe with a cap, set it aside and select places to inject the product.

Medical experts advise giving injections intramuscularly in the buttock. Inject into the arm or thigh, but in the first case, a lack of muscle mass is likely, and in the second, an unpleasant pulling sensation in the leg after the injection.

The part of the body where the injection site is located should be in a relaxed state.

The position when giving the injection should first of all be comfortable. It is recommended to carry out the procedure while standing half-sided towards the mirror, but it is also possible to administer the drug while lying on your side. The main thing is that the surface is hard enough.

Rules for self-administration of drugs

Many patients prefer to inject themselves themselves. Doctors do not object in cases where they have the appropriate skills or have a special injector pen. Some drugs should be administered subcutaneously, while others intramuscularly. Before the first injection, you should carefully read the instructions.

In this video, a girl undergoing the protocol shows how to independently prepare and administer medications at home:

Important rules:

1. The solution must be injected very slowly.
2. Injections should be given strictly at the same time of day.
3. Do not miss the time of administration of the drug, and if you miss it due to forgetfulness or other reasons, immediately notify the doctor to find out further actions.
4. Wash your hands thoroughly before the procedure and disinfect the skin at the injection site.
5. Do not change the dosage under any circumstances.

Injection

The subcutaneous injection algorithm has several points. Before administering the drug, you should carefully read each of them. Never administer medicine that is past its expiration date. Use only medications that have been tested or prescribed by a doctor.

The algorithm for administering a subcutaneous injection presupposes the presence of certain means. You must have a sterile syringe, medicine, several cotton balls, an alcohol solution, or you must take into account the composition of the medicine. Insulin and oil solutions are administered somewhat differently than conventional liquid medicine. So, let’s find out how to perform a subcutaneous injection (algorithm).

Indications and contraindications

Each of the drugs injected into the stomach has a number of indications

Before starting medical procedures, it is important to study existing recommendations in order to properly carry out treatment

Anticoagulants

The most common anticoagulants: Heparin, Fraxiparine, Clexane, Nadroparin, Flenox. They prevent the formation of platelets and their adhesion, and promote the dissolution of blood clots. Anticoagulants improve blood flow and prevent the development of blood clots. Indications for use:

• previous myocardial infarction with the development of acute coronary syndrome;
• thromboembolism, thrombosis, thrombophlebitis and other similar diseases;
• atrial fibrillation causing embolism;
• angina pectoris;
• jades;
• rheumatism.

The administration of anticoagulants is also necessary for severe varicose veins of the lower extremities. The drugs are used as part of complex therapy in the treatment of pneumonia, asthma, and heart defects. Anticoagulants are extremely necessary after operations, when performing blood transfusions from a donor to a patient. They are also used to treat pregnant women when high levels are detected after testing for D-dimer.

Carrying out the IVF procedure and other indications

The artificial insemination procedure often involves injections into the abdominal area. At the first stage, medications are prescribed to stimulate the growth of follicles, from which eggs then appear. They contain hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin. The most popular drugs from this group are Ovitrel, Horagon, Menopur. At the next stages of the IVF procedure, medications are mainly used in a different form - suppositories, tablets, intramuscular injections.

Injections in the navel area are also given in other cases:

• Artificial tanning. The drug Melanotan is used, which stimulates the production of melatonin by skin cells.
• Burning subcutaneous fat in the abdominal area. Popular products from this group are Aqualix, Dermastabilon. To speed up the breakdown of fat, ozone injections can be given to the abdominal area.
• Treatment of psoriasis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis. Methodoject is used, which belongs to the group of antimetabolites.
• Treatment of diabetes mellitus involves insulin injections.

Features of insulin administration

Most often, such subcutaneous injections are performed in the abdominal area. However, it is not prohibited to give such injections to the thighs, arms and other areas. The drug can be administered in an amount of no more than two milliliters. In this case, each subsequent injection should be located approximately three centimeters from the previous one. It’s better to choose a separate zone altogether. Otherwise, the patient may develop scars and hematomas on the body.

Insulin syringes have a fairly short needle. That is why when using this device it is worth inserting its needle completely. So, hold its base with your finger and insert it all the way. Insulin devices most often have a capacity of up to one milliliter. If you need more medicine, use alternative remedies.